The Great Filter is the idea that, in the development of life from the earliest stages of abiogenesis to reaching the highest levels of development on the Kardashev scale, there is a barrier to development that makes detectable extraterrestrial life exceedingly rare. The Great Filter is one possible resolution of the Fermi paradox.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Filter
The Fermi paradox is the discrepancy between the lack of conclusive evidence of advanced extraterrestrial life and the apparently high likelihood of its existence. As a 2015 article put it, “If life is so easy, someone from somewhere must have come calling by now.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi_paradox
Personally I think it’s photosynthesis. Life itself developed and spread but photosynthesis started an inevitable chain of ever-greater and more-efficient life. I think a random chain of mutations that turns carbon-based proto-life into something that can harvest light energy is wildly unlikely, even after the wildly unlikely event of life beginning in the first place.
I have no data to back that up, just a guess.
Energy needed to leave your planetary system vs energy available on your planet of origin.
We have not yet overcome it and I am not sure that we will achieve it.
Well, we’ve already sent a couple of probes out of the solar system, but they’re not really going fast enough to have any meaningful interstellar impact.
We’re currently in it. Failing to create a clean, renewable, and scalable energy source powerful enough to run a society that is ever increasing in both population and technology without destroying their only inhabited planet has got to be the most common great filter.
Asteroids strikes, super volcanoes, solar CMEs, and other planetary or cosmetic phenomena that exactly line up in both severity and timing are too rare IMO.
Every society that attempts to progress from Type 1 to Type 2 has to deal with energy production. Most will fail and they will either regress/stagnate or destroy themselves. Very few will successfully solve the energy problem before it is too late.
A filter for sure, but not a great one. Call me optimistic, but I don’t think that will set us back more than 10.000 years. If humanity can survive, society will re-emerge, and we are back here 2-3000 years into the future.
Is +5°C Earth a good place to be? No. Will the majority of humans die? Absolutely. Will the descendants get to try this society thing again? I believe so.
On a cosmic scale 10.000 years is just a setback, and cannot be considered a great filter.
Unfortunately we’ve pretty much used up all easily available resources. Anyone ‘starting over’ would have a much harder time getting the things they need to really get the ball rolling again.
When humans first discovered gold they practically only had to scoop it out of rivers. You’ll be hard pressed to find any streams with such appreciable production anywhere in the world today.
I think that is thinking a bit too narrow. A lot of the stuff we use today might just be our bronze to our successors iron - you can build an unstable society on either. And what we do use up today could still work if used more efficiently - we might not have enough rare metals to give everyone a smartphone in the post-post-apocalypse, but I could see us still launching satellites if only big governments had computers - because they did.
We’ve already discovered fission and photocells. We’re past the point of needing fossil fuels for a new civilization (or existing civilization). Fossil fuels are only hanging around for economic reasons.
Assuming that knowledge and resource locations are retained. Roman’s had great concrete. Took a long time to reestablish what Humans already had and mixing raw materials is not complicated.
After the Roman Empire, the use of burned lime and pozzolana was greatly reduced. Low kiln temperatures in the burning of lime, lack of pozzolana, and poor mixing all contributed to a decline in the quality of concrete and mortar
We need a Foundation project to restart society If we want to avoid this. Worst case solar cells becomes myth like Greek fire.
Probably too optimistic and unhinged, but maybe a species advanced enough for interstellar travel, building mega structures etc. are advanced enough to ascend to a higher plane of existence or alternate dimensions or whatever. Maybe there’s some alternative to this reality that will be unlocked by advanced technology that made all advanced life prefer that, to here.
I also like this theory. In the Ian Banks Culture series civilizations that get advanced enough head off into the “sublime” they call it. Basically a higher level of existence. In my own more simple version, I’d figure VR and the biological/cyborg mix get so good the powerful can start living kind of forever, so they head for that substrate and don’t need big megastructures for anything, they just need computing power.
Yeah, it seems very possible that at one point, civilization will turn inward instead of outward. Why go through the time and effort to colonize the stars when you can just create a cyber-utopia? If you’re advanced enough, you could make it feel like an eternity while almost no time passes on the outside.
Sure, your planet might get destroyed by a cataclysmic event in the far future, but if you can make that feel like billions or trillions of years, who really cares?
That’s a really neat idea I’ve never heard before. Like, maybe our entire universe is analogous to the ocean floor sea-vents that life arose out of. Cold, and dead, and boring, and difficult. And one day we’ll discover how to ascend.
My suspicion is that it’s abiogenesis, but it’s only a suspicion that I can’t have any certainty of
Definitely the simplest answer and aligns so far with out observations.
Nah, I’m willing to bet there is actual physical life in our very own solar system (apart from all life on Earth, of course). Europa’s oceans for example have a decently high probability of hosting microbial life.
Of course, discovering primitive life all around us would be a bad sign the great filter is still ahead of us instead of behind us…
the internet. or some other mass communication methodology. we have developed it before we’re responsible enough to have it. there are too many bad actors ready to take advantage of our innate biological tribalism. we’ll kill ourselves before we reach very far into space.
Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466-1536), Dutch Renaissance humanist:“To what corner of the world do they not fly, these swarms of new books?”
I think people were concerned about that kind of scenario since the invention of the printing press, if not the written word itself. Not trying to dismiss the destructive potential the Internet can and will have in the future, just pointing out, that this kind of fear is not new.
thanks, this actually makes me feel better.
also like an old man yelling at clouds. but better, nonetheless.
Honorable mention: we haven’t detected alien probes, because intelligent alien societies haven’t begun consuming the galaxy with exponential numbers of self-replicating robotic probes, because that’s just a really bad idea:
Simple workarounds exist to avoid the over-replication scenario. Radio transmitters, or other means of wireless communication, could be used by probes programmed not to replicate beyond a certain density (such as five probes per cubic parsec) or arbitrary limit (such as ten million within one century), analogous to the Hayflick limit in cell reproduction. One problem with this defence against uncontrolled replication is that it would only require a single probe to malfunction and begin unrestricted reproduction for the entire approach to fail – essentially a technological cancer – unless each probe also has the ability to detect such malfunction in its neighbours and implements a seek and destroy protocol (which in turn could lead to probe-on-probe space wars if faulty probes first managed to multiply to high numbers before they were found by sound ones, which could then well have programming to replicate to matching numbers so as to manage the infestation).
Oh my god, that’s such a stupid and simple way to kill a galaxy, but also what a great plot twist that would make in a story. Like the big reveal over why the galaxy has always been at war with itself. Exactly the kind of nihilism I’d expect from an Altered Carbon or its ilk.
Thanks for sharing!
You might like the paperclip maximizer thought experiment
Also an excellent clicker style game called Universal Paperclips
Thanks I have heard of this kind of problem before, just not in an adversarial space war context, with like opposing forces
Capitalism I can imagine how capitalism could be inevitable. I can’t imagine enough controls on it to make it sustainable
I personally find the kardashev scale a pretty terrible way to measure the success of a civilization. Maybe the most successful life forms don’t become technologically obsessed materialists determined to colonize everything habitable and drain the resources of everything else, yknow?
I mean then how did they become a life form
My thought is the evolution of intelligent life itself. If you think about it, intelligence is contrary to most of the principles of evolution. You spend a shit ton of energy to think, and you don’t really get much back for that investment until you start building a civilization.
As far as we can tell, sufficient intelligence to build technological civilizations has only evolved once in the entire history of the Earth, and even then humans almost went extinct
It’s very very obviously the speed of light.
I’m sure simply continuing to live will show me more about possible great filters than most teachers could unfortunately.
We have had Millions of years of (presumably) intelligent Dinosaurs on this planet, but only 200.000 years of mankind were enough to create Civilization IV, the best Strategy game and peak of life as we know it.
So clearly, Civilization™ is what sets us apart.
Jokes aside, the thing evolution on earth spend the most time on is getting from single celled life-forms to multicellular life (~2 billion years). If what earth life found difficult is difficult for all, multicellular collaboration is way harder than photosynthesis, which evolved roughly half a billion years after life formed.
Sort of fallacious to go from one case of time to happen and derive probability from it.
I’m no biologist but I don’t think any of our models of super early stuff are sophisticated enough to speculate on what stages are the most or least likely.
You are correct, but that doesn’t mean I can’t speculate about it.
The ability to do photosynthesis is widely distributed throughout the bacterial domain in six different phyla, with no apparent pattern of evolution., according to this random paper I found on the internet (I’m not a biologist either).
What I can glance is that photosynthesis has (probably) evolved independently 6 time in Bacteria and 3 times in Eukaryotes.
Plants evolved to photosynthesise after photosynthesising bacteria already existed for billions of years.
(But then we have to also acknowledge that multicellular life evolved like 25 times in Eukaryotes, and the Eukaryote - aka Mitochondria-“Powerhouse of the cell”-haver- is the real big step as it only happened once to our knowledge).
Resources often get squandered on trivial vanity and novelty products instead of being channeled into advancing science and medicine. Imagine if we had a cosmic ledger tracking every resource used to develop simple items, like a pencil. It would show countless fires burned and animals consumed just to fuel the human ingenuity required for lumber, materials, and mining. Now, think about how many more resources are required for rockets, heat shields, and life support systems. Extend that to space stations, energy capture, and escaping Earth’s gravity.The resources on a planet are abundant, and nothing is ever truly destroyed. However, we’ve often allocated too much to building flat-screen TVs, leaving little for constructing even a modest space station in orbit, let alone an interstellar spaceship. It’s as if the planet offers a finite amount of resources, challenging its inhabitants to focus on space travel. Only a species wise enough to stay on track can unlock the universe’s resources. Otherwise, we risk ending up like Australian pines, choking ourselves out in our isolated star systems, having wasted our potential.
Exponential functions. Seriously. You meet crisis after crisis, each having a risk of ending civilization, but that risk never goes away. It keeps multiplying and multiplying, until you realize the risk curve is approaching a vertical line
Why would risk go up over time? For humanity, we’re pretty much at the point that very little could end our species now.
Well except, obviously, for humanity. That’s our greatest enemy, and it seems to be shown more frequently.
We would be hard pressed to end our own species either. Even global thermonuclear war would end civilization but not our species.
Edit: This mf just jinxed humanity
Depends on the amount of nukes.Acidifying oceans also dares a cascading effect that would wipe us out.Disease.Also, think about globale warming. The core of the sun is 27 million degrees. 130 degrees is enough to make the surface unbearable, higher than that is going to be>!!< uninhabitable.Also let’s not forget space is wild, meteors or GRBs can take us out instantly
For us it’s conservatism and its synonyms.
Read like any history book.
Or just about any book, really.
I think that it’s you who should read more.
Here:
We propose that the global environmental crises of the Anthropocene are the outcome of a ratcheting process in long-term human evolution which has favoured groups of increased size and greater environmental exploitation. To explore this hypothesis, we review the changes in the human ecological niche. Evidence indicates the growth of the human niche has been facilitated by group-level cultural traits for environmental control. Following this logic, sustaining the biosphere under intense human use will probably require global cultural traits, including legal and technical systems. We investigate the conditions for the evolution of global cultural traits. We estimate that our species does not exhibit adequate population structure to evolve these traits. Our analysis suggests that characteristic patterns of human group-level cultural evolution created the Anthropocene and will work against global collective solutions to the environmental challenges it poses. We illustrate the implications of this theory with alternative evolutionary paths for humanity. We conclude that our species must alter longstanding patterns of cultural evolution to avoid environmental disaster and escalating between-group competition. We propose an applied research and policy programme with the goal of avoiding these outcomes.
Figure 2. Dimensions of environmental management create an attractor landscape for long-term human evolution. Environmental sustainability challenges (curved frontiers) require a minimum level of cooperation in a society of a certain minimum spatial size. Alternative potential paths move humanity toward different long-term evolutionary outcomes. In path B, competition between societies over common environmental resources creates cultural selection between groups for increasingly direct competition and conflict. Path A, growing cooperation between societies facilitates the emergence of global cultural traits to preserve shared environmental benefits.
A Great Filter is way, way bigger than that. Something that prevents a civilization from being able to expand into space. This includes things like “you can’t make fire on this planet and therefore are never able to learn to work metal” and “supernovas sterilize regions of space before species can leave them”.
Even the worst ecological disaster - one that kills billions - will not prevent humanity from eventually recovering, rebuilding, and expanding.
Under no circumstances (even Cold War mutually assured destruction) can human politics be a Great Filter. Thinking that it can be is small-minded and petty.
