The standard polio vaccine schedule involves four doses spread out over childhood. If kids don’t get all of them, they are going to be less resistant to polio. There is no required adult booster, if you went through the process as recommended.

Do the other current standard childhood vaccines last for life? No. Tetanus does not. Neither do shots for the flu or COVID. I’m assuming that you weren’t thinking about the last two, but you probably should include them when considering this topic.